Two‐scale computational homogenization of calcified hydrogels

The development of new type hydrogels featuring enhanced properties is a recent topic and particular interest for wide range industrial applications, especially in biomedical sector. present contribution focuses on the mutliscale modeling that are treated by enzymatic mineralization thus enriched with calcium phosphate. More specifically, phosphate forms spherical or honeycomb structures hydrogel matrix, which significantly improves effective material such as stiffness strength. chosen multiscale finite element method (FEM) homogenization strategy uses Hill–Mandel macrohomogeneity condition bridging two scales: macroscopic boundary value problem (BVP) simulates specimen behavior, whereas microscopic BVP investigates representative volume (RVE) depicting heterogeneous multiphase microstructure. approach proposed Ogden model to simulate neo-Hooke phase. It varies RVE tests order study influence microstructure behavior experimental data determine missing parameters. Chosen numerical examples demonstrate applicability tool estimation optimal arrangement phases.